High drug-loading gold nanoclusters for responsive glucose control in type 1 diabetes

High drug-loading gold nanoclusters for responsive glucose control in type 1 diabetes

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Abstract Background Diabetes is one of the biggest medical challenges worldwide.The key to efficiently treat type 1 diabetes is to accurately inject insulin according Dishwasher Nozzle Seal to the blood glucose levels.In this study, we aimed to develop an intelligent insulin-releasing gold nanocluster system that responds to environmental glucose concentrations.Results We employed gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) as a novel copyright nanomaterial by taking advantage of their high drug-loading capacity.We prepared AuNCs in the protection of bovine serum albumin, and we decorated AuNCs with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (PBA) as a glucose-responsive factor.

Then we grafted insulin onto the surface to obtain the glucose-responsive insulin-releasing system, AuNC-PBA-Ins complex.The AuNC-PBA-Ins complex exhibited high sensitivity to glucose concentration, and rapidly Valves released insulin in high glucose concentration in vitro.In the type 1 diabetic mouse model in vivo, the AuNC-PBA-Ins complex effectively released insulin and regulated blood glucose level in the normoglycemic state for up to 3 days.Conclusions We successfully developed a phenylboronic acid-functionalized gold nanocluster system (AuNC-PBA-Ins) for responsive insulin release and glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes.This nanocluster system mimics the function of blood glucose regulation of pancreas in the body and may have potential applications in the theranostics of diabetes.